Article 41 — Sources of Obligations

1. 1.

   An obligation is a juridical bond by which one person is bound to perform or to refrain from performing an act in favour of another.

2. 2.

   Obligations arise from contract, unilateral declaration, unjust enrichment, wrongful act, or operation of law.

3. 3.

   Every obligation has a creditor, a debtor, and a prestation, which is the act or forbearance owed.

4. 4.

   Matters of non-contractual liability and unjust enrichment not specifically regulated by this Code are governed by the law applicable under the conflict-of-laws rules established by Article 45 of the Fundamental Laws.