Article 30 — Protection

1. 1.

   The State extends recognition and protection to its nationals in accordance with law.

2. 2.

   The State may, according to its capacity, extend protection including: the issuance of documents; the maintenance of registers; assistance and representations in external relations; and the defence of the legal status of nationals.

3. 3.

   The extent of protection, and any conditions upon it, shall be determined by law and by the practical capacities of the State.

4. 4.

   The State may withhold or withdraw protective services in cases of fraud, abuse, or grave disloyalty, as provided by law.

5. 5.

   The obligations of the State under this Article do not extend to the exercise of authority within foreign jurisdictions.