Article 29 — Establishment of Parentage

1. 1.

   Parentage is the legal relationship between a parent and a child, carrying the rights and obligations set out in this Code and in the laws of the State.

2. 2.

   Maternity is established by:

   1. Birth, in respect of the person who gave birth to the child
   2. Adoption, in accordance with Article 31.
3. 3.

   Paternity or second parentage is established by:

   1. Presumption of marriage: a child born during the marriage, or within three hundred days of the dissolution of the marriage, is presumed to be the child of the spouse of the person who gave birth
   2. Acknowledgement, in accordance with Article 30
   3. Administrative or judicial determination, upon application to the Royal Chancellery or a competent authority
   4. Adoption, in accordance with Article 31.
4. 4.

   The presumption of parentage under paragraph 3(a) may be rebutted by any admissible evidence, including biological evidence, upon application to the Chancellery by any person having a legitimate interest.

5. 5.

   Where a child is conceived by means of assisted reproduction with the consent of both intended parents, the consenting partner is the legal parent of the child from birth, regardless of biological connection. Consent must be in writing and recorded with the Chancellery.

6. 6.

   Parentage, once established, shall be recorded in the civil status register in accordance with Article 7.